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A popular initiative (German: ''Volksinitiative'', French ''Initiative populaire'', Italian ''Iniziativa popolare'', Romansh ''Iniziativa dal pievel'') allows the people to suggest law in Switzerland on a federal, cantonal and municipal level. On a federal and cantonal level it suggests changing the respective constitution. Besides referendum and, in some cantons, recall, it is a means of direct democracy in Switzerland. == Federal popular initiative == The federal popular initiative (German: ''Eidgenössische Volksinitiative'', French: ''Initiative populaire fédérale'', Italian: ''Iniziativa popolare federale'') is an instrument of direct democracy in Switzerland. It allows citizens to propose changes to the Swiss Federal Constitution. A votation will be organised for every modification that collected 100,000 valid signatures in 18 months.〔Pierre Cormon, ''(Swiss Politics for Complete Beginners )'', Editions Slatkine, 2014, ISBN 978-2-8321-0607-5, p. 23〕 The most frequent themes tackled by initiatives are: healthcare, taxes, welfare, drug policy, public transport, immigration, asylum, education... There are only two kinds of restrictions on the content: *Formal criteria(the initiative should deal with one topic at a time, etc.) *The initiative shouldn't infringe on the core of the human rights, known as jus cogens.〔pp. 23-25〕 It is different from the mandatory referendum in that the proposition to change the constitution comes from the population and not from the parliament. The authorities, even if they don't like it, cannot prevent an initiative which has collected enough signatures from being held, but they can make a counter proposal, known as counter-project.〔pp. 23〕 A double majority of people and cantons is required to change the constitution. Popular initiative exist at the federal, cantonal (cantons) and communal (town) levels.〔pp. 23-24〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Popular initiative (Switzerland)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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